The international team focused on the role played by the absence of a small fragment of chromosome 16 in the onset of a severe form of obesity. This anomaly more accurately called “microdeletion” (loss of a fraction of chromosome) causes the deletion of thirty different genes in this region. Researchers have discovered that this microdeletion, absent in most individuals, is quite common among the obese. They believe that the risk of developing severe obesity is greater than 5.000% for individuals carrying a deletion of chromosome 16. “If the identity of the genes responsible for obesity remains to be determined, it is likely that these genes play a role in brain development,” they note, because this chromosomal region is known to be linked to development of schizophrenia and autism, two diseases often complicated by obesity. These results also confirm the link between obesity and neuropsychiatric diseases.

But “obesity is multifactorial origin,” say the authors of that work. “It involves several genes, becoming better known, and environmental factors. Even if the increase in the number of overweight people has societal causes are easily identified (sedentary, food …), heredity plays a crucial role in determining the weight and the onset of obesity. Recent studies have revealed the involvement of thirty genes that increase the risk of obesity so low or moderate (increase of only 10 to 50% per gene).

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Migraine is caused by a malfunction of the vascular and nervous systems. And certainly, the disease is a family affair. Here’s what we know because of migraine. In other words, little things. More is known about the events that trigger the crisis, once installed migraine.

To tame the migraine, and better still prevent, it is essential to know the risk situations of crisis, which awaken the disease. Many factors can trigger it, that patients are not always aware: Lack of sleep, alcohol, rules, stress, chocolate

Psychological factors

they are psychological problems: a contradiction, emotion, anxiety, stress, triggering the crisis. This also maintains the reputation of migraine, erroneously labeled “mental illness” in the public mind. Especially since it has the peculiarity to occur at well defined in some people, always the weekend for example, which spoils the rest and recreation for the whole family.

Repetition is the mother of irritation. And with migraine often have the impression of being mistaken for “enquiquineurs. Migraine may also occur exclusively during school term and children who complain are then believed to have found a way to miss the class.

Lack of sleep or, conversely, excessive sleep, sleep late or nap, triggering a crisis, that paradoxically may transfer with sleep.

Depression may also increase seizure frequency. And the fear of pain (known as feared) appears, does not correct these disorders of mood.

Dietary factors

The food is then deemed “guilty” to one quarter of migraine, perhaps because the nausea and vomiting characteristic of high crisis, seem to be a digestive problem. However, chocolate and alcoholic beverages are perfectly identified triggers of migraine. Other situations conducive to the occurrence of a crisis, skip meals, especially breakfast, reduce consumption of coffee during the weekend for the big drinkers.

Migraineurs usually poorly tolerate Tobacco, but it is not a generator of crisis.

As for smells, lights and other stimuli, namely the difficulty of their share in the genesis of a crisis. We are sure however that the migraine crisis does not support them.

For each migraine, its triggers!

Usually one factor alone is not sufficient to trigger a crisis, and that such a combination of a drunken night out and a late bedtime, along with a zest of sleeping in, which is a possible trigger. Finally, seizures may occur without any precipitating factor has apparently been turned so completely unpredictable!

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Situation 1: no breakfast.

The main reasons given are:

* 1. no time.
* 2. Not hungry.

1. Lack of time is not a valid reason. You can always find. Everything depends on the importance you attach to this breakfast. If you admit that it is important to you, you’ll find the time that you need.

But suppose, since we are here to speak specifically, you are totally overwhelmed (e) in the morning. What time ‘t grant you? 10 minutes? 5 minutes? 5 minutes without running. In these conditions it ‘s not here to make breakfast in bed, but’ s power and if possible to find pleasure.

Just of a few of organization: you buy a blender “soup”, a deep container, milk and weigh gainer (complete nutritional powder). You pay 200 to 300 ml of milk into the bowl. Depending on the consistency you want and get the time you have to eat if the shake is strong, you will need more time to eat. You add about 50 g gainer, you mix and eat you. It is good (different flavors), rapid and of a nutritional standpoint, it is much better than nothing: 25 grams of protein, carbohydrates, some fat for a total of about 300 kcal. In addition, if you choose well your win, it will contain both sugars and carbohydrates, allowing a gradual release of energy. You are released (e) ‘s case for a few hours.

Yes, the mixer and bowl, wash them, and milk you probably missed a day. You’re right and you will end one day or the other by jumping the shake for one reason. As a fallback or ‘sandwich, you have even easier, take two energy bars rich in protein. You will calculate 250 to 400 kcal following bars and founiture energy sufficient for a few hours. Besides tearing the packaging, handling is minimized. It must in that case do not forget to s’ moisturize because that kind of food that contains some water.

Some will say: “This is not a life of eating bars, or ‘swallow shakes. That can be discussed. He must know what the you want, choose the voice of reason. If you have the opportunity to take a breakfast classic, bread / cereal, Do not hesitate, nothing is more boring than the monotony. But limited to reasonable quantities and butter croissants, if not hello damage.

Finally, do not skip breakfast.

2. “The morning I woke up I ‘m not hungry,” without being a doctor, it is clear that many people are in this situation. An hour later why not, but not get out of bed. Why is – so?

Several explanations are possible and a combination is likely:

* If at night you ate four, it is normal for the morning you get up you don ‘have not hungry.
L * ‘s body adapts. If this is your habit not to eat breakfast in the morning you will feel no hunger because the body ‘s accustomed to the deprivation of food.
* Upon awakening, the body out of a period of slow metabolism: the whole body worked at idle for several hours. The resumption of a more active lifestyle can take time.

But mainly it is because the evening meal is often the most grosde the day that many of us have not hungry in the morning. Light dinner, I guarantee you will go hungry in the morning. Some may think – be that by not eating in the morning, it offsets the balance and dinner, this is a bad argument because it does not work at all well. )

Situation 2: dinner too rich in calories

Breakfast swallowed or forgotten, a quick lunch or a canteen, a sometimes stressful and tiring day in which s’ is added – to be a painful time of transport, is the daily number of us. No general abuse, not caricature either, but a common situation for people who work away. When you go home, you consciously or not release the accumulated tensions in the day, turning on the TV at dinner copiously, drinking a few glasses of wine. We are known worldwide for our food and our reputation is not exaggerated: we experience a lot of comfort eating and eating well. Private day of this pleasure, we caught up logically in the evening. Unfortunately of a nutritional standpoint it is a disaster: the energy contained in all the food ingested may not be fully used (sleep is a period where energy costs are reduced), the surplus will be stored as fat.

Situation 3: skip meals

Compensate. In the minds of many, skip one or several meals helps to offset some excess calories consumed here and there. And even skip meals authorizes the abandonment food then. The morning I ‘m not hungry. At lunchtime, this is not good or / and I don ‘t have time. That evening when I return, I can in good conscience satisfy me more that it don ‘need.

The strategy has a certain meaning, but those who do so are not generally in good shape: the tendency to ‘overweight. The performance that day is not optimal (lack of energy). Place is wide open to snacking, nibbling that can not forget slyly existence in the evening when sitting down to dinner ( “I didn ‘t eaten all day”). The “nibbling” is not inherently bad, if it is controlled: nothing wrong to take effect when at 10am and taste quite the contrary. But too often, it is a question of troubleshooting become urgent and what is available often is not of a dietetic point of view the happiest (pastries, sweets or biscuits different example).

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Varicose veins and tired legs are very frequent diseases. It is estimated that three out of four people have varicose veins during their lives and for one in four symptoms are bothersome enough to warrant medical treatment or surgery. In recent years, techniques have improved and new methods have emerged, promising treatments lighter and in theory less traumatic. But what are their real benefits? The answer with experts from the National Agency for Accreditation and Health Evaluation (Anaes).

Shoo reflux

To understand the techniques employed, some anatomical details are needed. The blood flow in the legs in a deep venous network, located in the heart muscle, and in a superficial network, under the skin. This superficial network is affected by varicose veins. It comprises two main veins, both large and small saphenous, who bring a game of blood into the deep network, and secondary veins, smaller. To prevent the stagnant blood in the superficial veins, antireflux valves are distributed throughout their journey. In case of failure of these valves, reflux occurs and the vein is dilated, forming a varicose vein visible under the skin.

Varicose veins legs
First, the balance

The veinotonic relieve symptoms and may, for some, help heal an ulcer, but they have no effect on the development of varicose veins. By the elastic stockings or strips is effective when it is paid. But it is a palliative, symptomatic, which has no effect on the anomalies already installed.

Different interventions may, however, to remove varicose veins. They may be considered:

* To relieve the symptoms become too painful;
* To prevent complications of venous stasis (venous ulcers, skin lesions or, more rarely, phlebitis and embolism);
* Or simply for aesthetic reasons.

A detailed assessment will be completed before any intervention, including an echo-Doppler. This painless examination can clarify the status of the valves and the mechanism responsible for reflux.

Surgery for reflux the most important

Varicose traitement surgery is the treatment of choice for varicose veins most important. Several techniques exist. One of the most classic is the stripping of removing the main vein of the legs (saphenous vein) by making two small incisions at the ankle and the groin. The operation is completed by the removal of all small varicose veins that could develop from the saphenous vein.

After removal of superficial veins, the blood return is through deep veins. The only cons Absolute contraindication to surgical stripping is clogging the network with deep venous phlebitis.

The operation is performed in the operating room under general or epidural anesthesia. Hospitalizations are increasingly brief, often within hours, and generally do not exceed two days. In the aftermath of the intervention of the hematomas and bruises appear sensitive, which will fade in two to three weeks. The march was resumed immediately after surgery, but a work stoppage of three weeks is usually required.

The surgery can be performed at any age, except during pregnancy, and in any season. But be aware that the wearing of stockings is necessary for two to four weeks after surgery and that it is necessarily more difficult during periods of high heat.

Sclerotherapy in other cases

To treat smaller varicose veins, the choice was discussed between the stripping and sclerotherapy. Sclerotherapy has the advantage of being a much more lightweight, made of firm and does not require anesthesia. It is injected into the varicose vein with a fine needle, a substance that will induce shrinkage and hardening of the vein patient, who will butcher (se “sclerosis”). The activities can be resumed immediately, a work stoppage is not necessary. The procedure seems so simple, but it does require a good experience for injection is accurate. There is a low risk, but serious, accidental injection into an artery. Using ultrasound guidance can be sure that the product is properly injected into the vein.

Varicules

Often varicose veins secondary concern. They can then be removed either by sclerotherapy, either surgically, by phlebectomy. This is a minor surgery, performed under local anesthetic. Some practice in firm, even if experts consider it preferable to intervene in the operating room for reasons of asepsis. Small portions of veins are removed with a hook through tiny incisions.

Sclerotherapy has the advantage of being lighter and better supported than the surgery. It does not scar. Its main disadvantage is the risk of recanalization of the vein. The choice depends mainly on the characteristics of varicose veins to be treated and the physician’s experience.

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Definition

* The skin tends to shine on the midline
* Tendency to pores or blackheads on the midline and cheeks
* The cheeks are comfortable and dry seasonal

A combination skin, as its name implies, includes two types of skin and the characteristic is a tendency to have fat in the midline. The rest of the face may have a normal or dry skin.

Maintenance

It is easy to find this balance by natural care. There are marketing products for combination skin – they are often noted for normal and combination skin and are excellent for daily care that combine active hydrating and rebalancing components to regulate the flow of sebum. Contrary to what many think, know that the combination skin dehydrates easily. So let them pay particular attention to changes in season!

Also, I suggest you buy some products to address specific areas:

* Make a clay mask on oily-prone areas. This is called an oxygenating treatment that cleanses and purifies the skin. It eliminates impurities, cleanses and normalizes the skin. The skin becomes cool, clean, healthy glow. Use it once a week in winter and twice a week in summer;
* If the rest of your skin is normal, continue to use your regular products;
* If the rest of your skin has a tendency to dry, he must complete the range of your products with nourishing creams, serums, etc..

Know that the more you get older, the more you’ll have a fairly dry and hydration is important.

Do not do it!

* Do not expose yourself to the weather or the sun without a protective cream
* Do not use hard water or soap
* Do not attack your skin with cleansing products too astringent.
* Do not use lotions with alcohol to clean your skin.

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Type dry skin: Skin usually thin and beautiful, without pores, it is a source of tightness and discomfort. The reasons for dry skin are many. The stratum corneum lack of water, the hydro lipid film on the surface is too thin and no longer protects the skin, oil runs out …

Oily skin: Its grain is thicker, the pores are dilated and the general appearance of the skin is dull, oily and shiny. This skin type is conducive to buttons and black spots and excess sebum causes permanent long-term thickening of the stratum corneum. This skin can be both fat and lack of water, ie be dehydrated.

The combination skin Dryer where sebaceous glands are rare (forehead, cheekbones and jaw), she becomes fat in the midline of the face (forehead, nose and chin). It is difficult to choose their cosmetics.

Sensitive skin: 20% of women have a real problem for sensitive skin and 40% experiencing frequent twinges and discomfort. Dry, oily or mixed skins can all be sensitive. This results in unwanted redness, sensations of tingling and burning.

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