How is Osteoporosis? .
Osteoporosis has no symptoms, it does not hurt or cause any change in itself. However, the extreme fragility occur in bone, appear with great frequency bone fractures, which are what determine the symptoms in these patients. The most common fractures in osteoporosis in postmenopausal women are vertebral fractures, which produce very sharp pains in the back and condition the progressive appearance of deformities of the same, fundamentally progressive decrease in size by crushing vertebrae. This pain can give way to a more continuous dull pain produced by micro fractures, and often is the symptom leading to diagnosis. Osteoporosis of the elderly typically occurs in long bone fractures, especially in the wrist, and even more in the femur, being responsible for the typical hip fractures in the elderly.
How is it diagnosed? .
There are no changes in basic tests that allow diagnosis. Although accurate diagnosis is obtained through the study of bone biopsy in practice using various imaging techniques for diagnosis, which also are also useful for assessing disease progression and response to treatment. Most are nonspecific plain radiographs of affected bones, which show osteoporosis once it is already quite advanced. In recent years have introduced various models of densitometers, which are capable of measuring bone density on a given pattern.
How is osteoporosis? .
As general measures necessary to mention the diet rich in calcium and low in protein, abstention from toxins such as snuff and alcohol, and regular physical exercise. When the diet does not ensure an adequate amount of calcium supplements should be administered, given that calcium needs are about 1000 mg per day and increase during pregnancy or menopause.
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Vitamin D facilitates calcium absorption and utilization, so often associated with it is administered.
In the treatment of osteoporosis and its prevention, using drugs that decrease bone resorption. These include calcitonin and bisphosphonates. Estrogens, and selective modulators of estrogen receptors and raloxifene, used in postmenopausal osteoporosis, alone or associated with any of the above.
Although theoretically the fluoride is a drug that can increase bone formation, bone appears to have produced lower quality and therefore less resistance, so its use has not spread and there are preparations available in Spain.